I was playing a game on a huge map on epic scale, and about the time my enemies were researching basic bows, the game decided I had lost the game by conquest. No one, not a single one, of the AI factions had died. I had not lost a single settlement, and had gained quite a few. The game just decided for no apparent reason that I had lost to conquest. Conquest by what, since I had everything intact and was making inroads on the most powerful opponents? I have no idea.