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I upgraded it fully while in a hostile grav well and it was doing no damage to the population or health of the asteroid.
It was a Vasari planet.
Yes. 
I posted a bug about that one early in the beta, it's kind of buried now.
Final Judgment is indeed bugged - it fires one tiny little meteor that does absolutely nothing to the planet.
Meteor Storm is bugged as well - it does no damage to hull after shields are gone.
I'm not sure I see the usefulness of a planet bombarding Starbase anyway. They already get Auxiliary Government to prevent enemies from colonizing so there is nothing to bombard unless the Starbase gets destroyed. And attacking with a Starbase is just silly. If you control a grav well enough to build a massive Starbase there you surely can have your caps flatten the planet.
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