The essence bonus is indeed powerful. To answer the question of what happens if your governor leaves the city you've enchanted: You lose enchantments (I believed in order of newest to oldest). Same thing that happens if your scrying pool is destroyed. I've been considering changing the levels you acquire them at. I like them butch, because it only affects one city. I want the governor to have a meaningful contribution to combats, while he sits at home. Perhaps just 2 essence, one at level 5, and one at level 12. After all, Nothing is going to compare to a high level path of the mage throwing blizzard around.
To reply to the idea that the essence boost is more suited to a wizard, I think that is partially true. While essence is all magic-y, It is still something that is harvested in cities.
Also, Perhaps increasing movement of units produced in the city by +1?
What if along side the experience point boost, it also offered a 2%,4%, 6% chance to automatically level up any champion in the city? This way the governor won't stagnate as soon as you stick him on garrison duty.
While I like the idea to cheapen rushed production, when added in conjunction to the other abilities I can see that getting out of hand real quick. But it did prompt me to think of something else to add. (see: "waste not, want not" below)
So to summarize, a few new things to add:
Forced March Training : Units produced in the city the unit is stationed in, gain +1 movement. (level 15, rare, 100)
Warden : Deters monsters from attacking the city/group (level 6, uncommon, 200)
Waste Not, Want Not : Increase the Metal and Crystal production of a city the governor is stationed in by 50% (level 10, rare, 100)
Let Them Eat Cake : Increase the population growth of the city the governor is in by 1. (level 5, rare, 100)
Possible changes
Reduce essence bonuses to one at level 5, one at level 12. (to clarify, the previous list was a total of 3, not a total of 6)
Add a % chance to instantly level any champion in the same city as the governor to the experience point boost.
The thing I'm trying to accomplish here, is to cause you to have to move your governor out of your fortress, and move him to different cities. if you want the Crystal, you're going to have to move him to a far off city. If you want to build some units, he's going to want to head to your fortress. If you're trying to get to that super important tech so you can rule the world, move him appropriately. While most champions double the power of an army, I want to see the governor at least increase the power of a city by 50%.