First, I want to correct something about the victory conditions.
It's true that there is a connection between the victory and the path you take in the research, but each victory condition also requires something besides the research, that takes most of the effort.
In the quest victory for example, it's not that hard to get to the research itself. Most of the effort will be to explore, find and win the actual master quest.
In the spell of mastery, you'll need a lot of effort in arcane research, maybe even more then the spell tech tree.
Even in conquest, you're not exactly required to research the army tech path, theoretically you can win with mostly spells and summons and only a minimal effort there.
Back to your suggestion, I think the civilization victory idea should be the path that you can win if you invest mostly in technological advancements. It should require an advanced tech from ALL the paths, and only then you can build the wonder (or wonders) that are required to win.
For example, when reaching a certain research of the exploration tree, you will gain an option to research a tech called "knowledge of the past"
With this taken, your kingdom knows everything it can about the past and what the ancient kingdoms could do before the cataclysm.
This tech will open an advanced option in the other tech trees (with most of the techs as prerequisites).
When finishing most of the civilization tree for example, if you have the exploration tech, you'll get an option to research a tech that symbolized the realization that your kingdom now reached the technological levels of the past, allowing you to build a wonder called "the great monument".
Same thing with the conquest and magic trees, leading to the buildings called "the great war academy" and "the obelisk of magic"
Each of the said buildings will be a "one per nation" buildings, shouldn't be too expensive or hard to build, and should be automatically destroyed if taken from an enemy. If you manage to build all three, you get the civilization victory by proving you can not only match but go beyond the knowledge that was in the times before the cataclysm.