Ok, I got that one !
The first city has an upkeep of 1, the second an upkeep of 2, the third an upkeep of 3.
So the total upkeep should be : 1+2+3+4+...
But !
1 city -> 1 upkeep
2 cities --> 2 upkeep
3 cities --> 6 upkeep
4 cities --> 24 upkeep
5 cities --> 120 upkeep.
Do you see what happenned ? Someone need to sleep, cause "+" and "*" aren't the same operation 
Instead of adding the upkeeps, they multiply them !
6 = 1*2*3
24 = 1*2*3*4
120 = 1*2*3*4*5
6 cities ? upkeep of 720 ! More than prohibitive 
EDIT: in fact it's 0 < 1 < 2 < 6 < 24 < 120 < etc. The first city is for free.